. Functions of Adverbs
1.
Adverbs of Manner ----- How / In what manner
badly
beautifully carefully easily
evenly fast finely
gently
gracefully hard
neatly politely rudely
quickly slowly
quietly
noisily sharply
bluntly warmly coldly ……………………………
loudly softly
simply sharply wisely
foolishly
1. My father always drives carefully.
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2. Tom spoke rudely to Tim yesterday.
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2.
Adverbs of Place / Direction
----- Where / In
what direction
abroad ahead
around backward forward
east(ward) west(ward)
north(ward) south(ward) clockwise anticlockwise down(stairs)
up(stairs) everywhere elsewhere somewhere here
there
in the garden in the park in the kitchen
1. The little girl was playing with her friends
in the living room.
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2. James is studying in the library.
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3. Rahman is singing in the bathroom upstairs.
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3.
Adverbs of Time / Duration
----- When / How long
already after
before after a while all day long briefly
currently
directly first
forever henceforth immediately indefinitely instantly
now just now just
lately next month next June for two days
recently since two days ago temporarily permanently yesterday
overnight
1. She has been learning the piano since she was
five years old.
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2. Hassan stayed there for five days.
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4.
Adverbs of Frequency
always nearly always again
daily ever frequently never
often
occasionally rarely
regularly seldom sometimes usually
twice
----- before an extensive verb / ordinary verb
----- after verb-to-be ---- am/ is/ are / was/ were
Definite
frequency
daily / every day
once / twice / thrice / four times a
week
Indefinite
frequency
always 100%
nearly/ almost always 90%
usually 80%
very often / frequently
70%
often 60%
sometimes 50%
occasionally 40%
almost never / ever 20%
seldom / rarely/ almost never
10%
never 0%
1. Lina brushes her teeth three times a day.
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2. Fenny eats organic food daily.
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5.
Adverbs of Degree ----- How much /
To what extent
Adverbs
of Degree make the meaning of a verb/ adjective/ another adverb
stronger/ weaker
Intensifiers:
absolutely almost
amazingly completely considerably excited
extremely hardly
just really spectacularly thoroughly
totally too
utterly
Down-toners:
fairly quite
rather
Order of
Adverb
Subject Verb Manner Place time frequency
Teck
Hing practises yoga hard at home
before breakfast every day.
The old
lady walks slowly in the park after breakfast every morning.
6.
Interrogative Adverbs
-----
wh – adverbs ----- Where / When / Why /How
----- Direct / Indirect Q
Interrogative
Pronouns
----- What/ Who/ Whose/ Whom/ Which
Q - words
What/
Where/ When/ Who/ Whose/ Whom/Which/ Why/ How
Turn the following Direct Questions into
Indirect Questions.
1. Where is my calculator?
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2. When did she arrive?
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3. Why did he laugh so hysterically?
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4. How does Mrs Wang go to work daily?
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7.
Linking Adverbs
----- Linking adverbs link ideas / clauses in
spoken / written text
----- conjunctive adverbs because they function
more / less the same function
as conjunctions.
Also at the same time as well
besides moreover furthermore……
To
introduce a related point / to add an extra point of information
again equally
in the same way likewise similarly
To add a new fact that show the same point
mentioned
alternatively however
instead nevertheless on the other hand yet
To show the contrast / a different viewpoint
with the one mentioned earlier
1. I like to eat oranges as well as pears.
2. Meena’s mother bought a box of chocolate for
Lina’s mother. Likewise, Lina’s
mother also bought one for her.
3. Chiayu had studied very hard, however, she
failed again.
8.
Sentence Adverbs / Viewpoint Adverbs
----- to convey the speaker’s belief on the content
of what he is saying
----- to show the speaker’s attidutde / viewpoint
towards certain events
----- qualify the whole sentence (not just a part of it)
actually admittedly apparently blindly
certainly fortunately
hopefully luckily
naturally perhaps really
surely surprisingly
1. Actually, Tom would like to buy a radio more
than a TV set.
2. Hopefully, our environment conditions will
become better and better.
9.
Focusing Adverbs
----- focus on the main quality of something/ on
the most relevant thing
----- used with some kind of restriction
just mere
only
----- refer back to something
also too
either
alone chiefly
especially either exclusively even
just mainly
mostly notably
particularly primarily purely
only specifically
1.
She enjoys eating different kinds of fruit, particularly pineapples.
2.
Urich did not help us, either.
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