Adverbs and Prepositions

Topic 6                 Adverbs      And     Prepositions      

Adverbs -------- modifying words

                             Ordinary verbs 

Adverbs -------        adjectives  

                             Another adverb

Adverbs of manner / frequency    ----- verbs

Adverbs of degree                      -----  adjectives

                                                -----  adverbs of manner

Prepositions         -----  linking words

They help to link the noun phrases in the sentence

I.  Formation of Adverbs

1.  Derivational Adverbs

          They are formed from

          i)  Adjectives

          ii)  F2 / F4   

The suffixes            -----  y / ly / ily / ally 

 

a)  y   able – ably                       gentle  -- gently               horrible  --  horribly

 

b)  ly  amazing  --  amazingly      exciting  --  excitingly/ excitedly   kind  --  kindly

cruel  --  cruelly               polite  -- politely              surprising  --  surprisingly

rude  --  rudely       

 

c)  ily  angry  --  angrily              busy  --  busily                  heavy  --  heavily

         

          (consonant + y = ily)

 

d)  ally  basic --  basically            critical  --  critically           practical  --  practically               

2.  Simple Adverbs

     i)  The forms of the adjectives and the adverbs     are the same.

          alone  early   late    fast    high   little   much  near   quick 

 

    ii)    The adverbs that are very different from adjectives / F2 / F4

           not “morphologically”  indicated at all

           (not related to any root word)

 

almost               anyway    besides     indeed     half      however      meanwhile     more               much  perhaps     quite       rather  somehow     though         thus too         very    

                  

3.  Compound Adverbs

anyway         somehow      however       somewhere   meanwhile    meanwhile